1. Improper Right Turn-VTL § 1160(a)
2. Improper Left Turn - Two Way Roadway-VTL-§1160(b)
3. Improper Left Turn - One Way Roadway-VTL §1160 (c)
4. Failing To Obey Road Marker-VTL §1160(d)
5. Improper U-Turn-VTL §1160(e)
6. Prohibited U-Turn-VTL§ 1161
7. Improper Starting Parked Vehicle -VTL §1162
8. Failure To Signal Turn At Intersection-VTL§1163(a)
9. Failure To Properly Signal Right Or Left Turn -VTL §1163(b)
10. Failure To Signal Braking Or Stopping-VTL §1163 (c)
11. Improper Use Turn Signals-VTL §1163(d)
12. Failure To Properly Use Four Way Flashers-VTL§1163(e)
13. Failure To Use Signal Lamp Or Hand Signal-VTL §1164 (a)
14. Improper Hand Signals- VTL §1165
15. Improper Position For Turning At Alley, Driveway, Private Road Or Off The Roadway Property-VTL§1166(a)
16. Improper Position For A Left Turn From A Two Way Roadway Into An Alley, Driveway, Private Road Or Off The Roadway Property-VTL§1166 (b)
17. Improper Position For A Left Turn From A One Way Roadway Into An Alley, Driveway, Private Road Or Off The Roadway Property-VTL§1166 (c)
18. Penalties for Violating Any Of The Above Rules Of The Roadway

1. Improper Right Turn-VTL § 1160(a):

You must get as far right as practicable as you approach and make a right hand turn. Otherwise, you can be found guilty of making an improper right turn. Please call me at 1-877-TKT-ATTY if you have been charged with violating VTL§ 1160(a) or any other section of the vehicle and traffic law. If the case is not dismissed, I will negotiate a favorable plea bargain or take the case to trial.

2. Improper Left Turn-VTL §1160(b):

When you are making a left hand turn from a two-way roadway onto another two- way roadway you must approach the intersection by traveling to the immediate right of centerline of the roadway that you are traveling on. You should-whenever practicable- pass through the left half of the intersection. You should leave the intersection with your vehicle traveling to the immediate right of the centerline of the roadway entered. Otherwise, you can be found guilty of making an improper left turn. Please call me at 1-877-TKT-ATTY if you have been charged with violating VTL§ 1160(b) or any other section of the vehicle and traffic law. If the case is not dismissed, I will negotiate a favorable plea bargain or take the case to trial.

3. Improper Left Turn - One Way Roadway-VTL §1160 (c):

You must travel to the extreme left of a one- way roadway when preparing to make a left turn onto another roadway. If the other roadway you turn left onto is a two- way roadway then you must enter it to the immediate right of its center line. If the other roadway you turn left onto is a one -way roadway then you must enter it on the extreme left-hand side. You must travel to the immediate right of the center line of a two- way roadway when preparing to make a left hand turn onto a one- way roadway and enter it on the extreme left -hand side . Otherwise, you can be found guilty of making an improper left turn at a one-way roadway. Please call me at 1-877-TKT-ATTY if you have been charged with violating VTL§ 1160(c) or any other section of the vehicle and traffic law. If the case is not dismissed, I will negotiate a favorable plea bargain or take the case to trial.

4. Failing To Obey Road Marker-VTL §1160(d):

You must turn your vehicle at an intersection as directed by any markers, buttons, signs or other markings -if any- located within or adjacent to the intersection. Otherwise, you can be found guilty of failing to obey a road marker. Please call me at 1-877-TKT-ATTY if you have been charged with violating VTL§ 1160(d) or any other section of the vehicle and traffic law.

5. Improper U-Turn-VTL §1160(e):

You must begin a U-turn with your vehicle in the lane to the immediate right of the marked center-line and end up with your vehicle in the lane to the immediate right of the marked center line on the opposite side of the roadway even if there is more than one lane of travel designated for left turns. Otherwise, you can be found guilty of making an improper U-turn. Please call me at 1-877-TKT-ATTY if you have been charged with violating VTL§ 1160(e) or any other section of the vehicle and traffic law.If the case is not dismissed, I will negotiate a favorable plea bargain or take the case to trial.

6. Prohibited U-Turn-VTL§ 1161:

You are not allowed to make a U-turn near a hill crest, a curve or any other location where other drivers on either side of the roadway cannot see your vehicle from at least 500 feet away. Otherwise, you can be found guilty of making a U-turn in a prohibited area. Please call me at 1-877-TKT-ATTY if you have been charged with violating VTL§ 1161 or any other section of the vehicle and traffic law.If the case is not dismissed, I will negotiate a favorable plea bargain or take the case to trial.

7. Improper Starting Parked Vehicle -VTL §1162:

You should not move your vehicle from a stopped, standing or parked position until it can be done with reasonable safety. Otherwise, you can be found guilty of improper starting of a parked vehicle. Please call me at 1-877-TKT-ATTY  if you have been charged with violating VTL§ 1162 or any other section of the vehicle and traffic law.

8 Failure To Signal Turn At Intersection-VTL§1163(a):

You must not make a turn at an intersection unless you are in the proper position on the roadway to make the turn [Please see VTL §1160 above]. You must not turn into a private road or driveway unless and until you can make the turn safely. You must not move right or left on a roadway unless and until you can make the movement safely. You must not turn your vehicle without properly signaling. Otherwise, you can be found guilty of failing to signal a turn at an intersection. Please call at me 1-877- TKT-ATTY  if you have been charged with violating VTL§ 1163 (a) or any other section of the vehicle and traffic law. If the case is not dismissed, I will negotiate a favorable plea bargain or take the case to trial.

9. Failure To Properly Signal Right Or Left Turn -VTL §1163(b):

You must signal your intent to turn right or left non-stop for at least the last one hundred feet before your turn. Otherwise, you can be found guilty of failing to properly signal a right or left turn. Please call me at 1-877-TKT-ATTY if you have been charged with violating VTL§ 1163(b) or any other section of the vehicle and traffic law. If the case is not dismissed, I will negotiate a favorable plea bargain or take the case to trial.

10. Failure To Signal Braking Or Stopping-VTL §1163 (c):

You must not stop or suddenly decrease the speed of your vehicle without first appropriately signaling the driver immediately behind your vehicle whenever you had the opportunity to give such a signal. Otherwise, you can be found guilty of failing to signal braking or stopping. Please call me at 1-877-TKT-ATTY if you have been charged with violating VTL§ 1163(c) or any other section of the vehicle and traffic law. If the case is not dismissed, I will negotiate a favorable plea bargain or take the case to trial.

11. Improper Use Turn Signals-VTL §1163(d):

You must use your turn signals to indicate your intent to turn, change lanes or start from a parked position. You must not flash your turn signal on one side to indicate that your vehicle is parked or disabled. You must also not flash your turn signal as an indication to cars traveling behind you to pass your vehicle. Otherwise, you can be found guilty of improper use of signals. Please call me at 1-877-TKT-ATTY if you have been charged with violating VTL§ 1163(c) or any other section of the vehicle and traffic law.

12. Failure To Properly Use Four Way Flashers-VTL§1163(e):

You must activate your four-way-flashers ("Hazard Lights") whenever your vehicle is stopped or disabled on a public highway unless your vehicle is stopped because of a traffic control device or legally parked. You may use your four-way-flashers to warn vehicles traveling behind your vehicle of a traffic hazard located ahead of your vehicle. You may use your four-way- flashers to warn drivers behind you that your vehicle may be a traffic hazard considering the traffic and highway conditions. You must not use your four-way flashers for any other reason. Otherwise, you can be found guilty of failing to signal to properly use your four way flashers. Please call me at 1-877-TKT-ATTY if you have been charged with violating VTL§ 1163(e) or any other section of the vehicle and traffic law.  If  the case is dismissed, I will negotiate a favorable plea bargain or take the case to trial.

13. Failure To Use Signal Lamp Or Hand Signal-VTL §1164 (a):

You must - when required- give a stop or turn signal either by arm/hand signals or by signal lamp. Otherwise, you can be found guilty of failing to use signal lamp or hand signal. Please call me at 1-877-TKT-ATTY if you have been charged with violating VTL§ 1164(a) or any other section of the vehicle and traffic law. If the case is not dismissed, I will negotiate a favorable plea bargain or take the case to trial.

14. Improper Hand Signals- VTL §1165:

Hand and arm signals for turning and stopping must be given on the left side of your vehicle and must be done with your hand and arm: (a) extended horizontally to signal a left turn; (b) extended upward to signal a right turn; or (c) extended downward to signal a stop or decrease in speed.  Otherwise, you can be found guilty using improper hand signals. Please call me at 1-877-TKT-ATTY if you have been charged with violating VTL§ 1165 or any other section of the vehicle and traffic law.If the case is not dismissed, I will negotiate a favorable plea bargain or take the case to trial.

15. Improper Position For A Right Turn At Alley, Driveway, Private Road Or Off The Roadway Property-VTL§1166 (a):

You must approach right turns from a roadway into an alley, driveway, private road or onto property off the roadway by traveling as close as practicable to the right hand curb or edge of the roadway. Otherwise, you can be found guilty of making an improper right turn. Please call me at 1-877-TKT-ATTY if you have been charged with violating VTL§ 1166(b) or any other section of the vehicle and traffic law.If the case is not dismissed, I will negotiate a favorable plea bargain or take the case to trial.

16. Improper Position For A Left Turn From A Two Way Roadway Into An Alley, Driveway, Private Road Or Off The Roadway Property-VTL§1166 (b):

You must approach left turns from a two-way roadway into an alley, driveway, private road or onto property off the roadway by traveling to the immediate right of the center line of the roadway. Please call me at 1-877-TKT-ATTY if you have been charged with violating VTL§ 1166(b) or any other section of the vehicle and traffic law.If the case is not dismissed, I will negotiate a favorable plea bargain or take the case to trial.

17. Improper Position For A Left Turn From A One Way Roadway Into An Alley, Driveway, Private Road Or Off The Roadway Property-VTL§1166 (c):

You must approach left turns from a one-way roadway into an alley, driveway, private road or onto property off the roadway by traveling in the extreme left lane lawfully available to traffic. Please call me at 1-877-TKT-ATTY if you have been charged with violating VTL§ 1166(c) or any other section of the vehicle and traffic law.If the case is not dismissed, I will negotiate a favorable plea bargain or take the case to trial.

18. Penalties For Violating Any Of The Above Rules Of The Roadway:

Convictions within Eighteen (18) Months	Maximum Fine	Maximum Imprisonment*	Points on Driving Record	Surcharge
1st	$150.00	15 Days	2	$80.00 or $85.00
2nd	$300.00	45 Days	2	$80.00 or $85.00
3rd	$450.00	90 Days	2	$80.00 or $85.00

*A court could impose a fine or imprisonment or both. However, a term of imprisonment seems highly unlikely unless the violation is extremely flagrant and someone sustained serious personal injuries in a related accident.

Please call George P. Conway toll free at 1-877-TKT-ATTY if you have been charged with violation of the vehicle and traffic law. He is available 24/7. The initial consultation is free. If the case is not dismissed, he will negotiate a plea bargain acceptable to you or take the case to trial.